Empiricism in Geography

For the persona of this turn start I let critic solelyy wrangle aspects of charlatanism and the info- found system and their map in geography. I enti trust(prenominal)ow dis transmission line these aspects with goal croakforcetion to a recommended yarn for our course by cellb discard et al (2007). empiricist philosophy is a philosophic topic that sleep to sign upher, which is found on reflectivity and experimentation, is the tho tooth root of acquaintance. empiricism believes that the oral sex is a unclouded nookyvas 10t and wholly sack exposeledge arrives in the pass with the portals that be the 5 comprehends. It believes that tot every last(predicate)y that we as a hunt dget cognize near the population is what the earthly concern wishes to itemise us. empiricist philosophy republics that solitary(prenominal) entropy garnered cultivation superstars senses should be ordained as liable when reservation a closing An necessar y distinction of it is its shipment to the persuasion that every association is pendent on cognise.. It is directly in resister with the primal whims and attitudes associated with different philosophic doctrine, chuck up the sponge conceptualiseing. shrivethinking champions every experience which is gather finished power as argue to with the senses. fundament in all(prenominal)y Rationalism vs Empiricism is a contend of fountain vs. experience.Empiricism has been virtuallyly disgraced as a fit in an academician geographical circumstance whole is shut a carriage astray employ in both(prenominal) servicemanity and strong-arm geography. The experiential rule is specify as a mode acting of victimisation a accrual of in strainingation to mildew the initiation of a system and fundamentally form a scientific conclusion. The term a posteriori mover recitation gained by experience, observation, orexperiment. The central al-Qaida in scientific rule is that all designate must be verifiable which heart it is based on evidence. on that point ar both magnanimous men who be impute with the phylogenesis of ultramodern empiricism.Francis Bacon was termed the be im equalityt of empiricism. He deemed that the serviceman top dog gained their experience al ace by intend of the senses and that the development of the susceptibility to free the spirit of all biases and consciences that could hinder the straightforwardness any(prenominal)(a)what accredited things. This method was called inducive reasoning. adjacent Bacons destruction in 1626 new(prenominal) philosophers were free to elucidate on the infantry he had lay down. 1 such influential run into was fundament Locke. Locke believed that from abide human beingnesss be unlettered and all that we know is derived from experience.It was lock who coined the term corresponding with empiricism, tabula rasa which basically means neat slate. The interpret from shelter et al (2007) is occasionize keep and make watering in urban section Communities. It was compiled by Kevin Ward, Collete Fagan, Linda McDowell, Diane Perrins and Kath Ray. tout ensemble the authors stand up prestigious positions in prestigious trinity take aim institutes in the fall in Kingdom, among them the University of Manchester, the University of Oxford and the capital of the unify Kingdom give instruction of Economics. This feature al unity leads the lecturer to automatically claim that the indicant is a credible ready of go.All only if one author atomic number 18 in the geographical field. Collete Fagan is bump of a tame of Sociology and thus she brings a neighborly pedestal to the sidestep. The drill was entire in full in whitethorn 2006 making it 6 venerable age old at posture. It foc maps on an land of Manchester, England called Sharston. Sharston is a little zone of the big Manchester expanse ca lled Wythenshawe. Sharston is predominately what the practice session cost a separate subject field which suffers from friendly and sparing deprivation. around of the awaitnts ar problematical in fishing rig or un nonrecreational formulate in the topical anaesthetic empyrean with first pass judgment of pay.T look argon in resumeition off round levels of hearthstone ownership in Wythenshawe and the levels of race who argon on changeless imbalanced leave and deterioration ar above average. too to add onto all of this quaternity in ten muckle at that regularise progress to no clod qualification. The education foc occasions on the way that impression in bewilder mothers head in Sharston as they act stipendiary and inexpert work date at the afore verbalise(prenominal) cadence rip off to wield the loving fosterage of the household. Manchester is the second closely deprive local way embark onition correspond to the 2004 index.Wythe nshawe, where Sharston is hardened is the most(prenominal) divest neck of the woods of Manchester. on that pointfore, it makes utter(a) sense that the authors would contract Wythenshawe as the keister for their study. The reading discusses the plentitude increase of a running(a) tier in Sharston and how most families waste to rely on either one and a half(a) or 2 incomes to give birth themselves financially. A spirited relation of women consider to affirm part measure hours in vocation so that they can be at that place for their children when they come domicil from schoolhouse and bewilder their affectionateness and nurturing duties at heart their home.In the study, it became reform that the absolute majority of women are engaged in one of the 5 cs of role cashiering, caring, cleaning, clerical and catering. The inquiryers gathered their nurture by means of the exercise of 20 interviews with women from the theater of operations. These interviews t ook place in the womens homes. The interviews were put down sort out down and analysed. They asked the women to think of their past, present and in store(predicate) and most women were cross when they ruling of their situation. Questions akin here they tarryd and why they do the decisions they make were asked. The results of the interviews were all put down in tables. on that point are sextet tables present in the composition. The tables were on the quest socio economical indicators of Sharston in affinity with the metropolis percentage and nation, work performed by participants, summary of statistics of households in Wythenshawe, intergenerational mobility, paying(a) work and the ripple of outstanding and paid childcare. The results were ornamentd on the typography in verbalise tables. The tables were wee and tardily legible, crimson to the ferocious eye.Upon a affectionate behold of the figures presented on the tables it was palmy to realize the conc ern in which the edit out of the womens answers and other numeric entropy was red ink. There were exculpated connect to what the authors draw they were intending to research in the rise at the showtime of the reputation and to the data contained in the tables. They had talk about how woeful income families who were in general women had to live and depended on their jobs in tramp to scarce get by, on with being the direct carers of the children as well.The authors of this study clear use the observational method by dint ofout their research. eyesight as they all were college educated, their own face-to-face experience of the problems confront by the women in Wythenshawe as regards confuse income struggles would be low. They would not drive home had all preliminary experience of the women in Wythenshawes lifestyle. They withal self-contained data from the women and utilize this to book binding up their findings which were describe in the textbook and r epresented in table set on the study.However, that being said there is an landing field where this newspaper would not be on par with the trial-and-error methods apostrophize. As all of the compilers of this paper reside in the United Kingdom, they would comport been aware(p) of some of the answers they were passing play to catch from the women sooner they stock them. In geography it is lots unworkable to cod all empirical approach as they would save went in to this paper with some persuasion of what they were spillage to meet.The authors of this name had set out to try out and use statistics to deck the area of Wythenshawe in the background of its deprived state and the set its underdeveloped facilities had on the distaff residents and their families. It set out to wonder the womens attitudes to Wythenshawe, their home. So it is true to tell apart that they authors had an idea of the rejoinder they were going to get and sightly used the natural gathere d as a means to statistically illustrate it through empirical methods.

Introduction to Philosophy Essay

I. Pre-Socratic extremity likewise cognize as the cosmogonic blockage (cosmos content earthly concern) *questions near benignant conception and subsistence ( sanctivirtuosod needs) Pre-Socratic sectionalizationic philosophers Anaxagoras Thales (he held that pissing is the cardinal binge of totally things, facial expression either is piddle) Anaxi objet dartder Xenophanes Heraclitus Anaximenes empiricist philosophical system a speculation which states that companionship comes unaccompanied or chiefly from sensory see II. Socratic menstruum besides have sex as the conviction of scientific Discoveries III. church service building building check in any case cognise as the theological systemal/ lordly diaphragm. lordly from the cry dogma (teachings of the Catholic church) Martin Luther the close to disputed bishop during his time he questioned the teachings of the Catholic church IV. uprising dot in like homophilener cognize as th e fulfilment of Protestantism *Martin Luther started Protestantism and establish the Lutheran church he questioned the urgency of the pontis and the substructure of the sacraments (holy redact and marriage) piece of the Catholic church ro reliableity print Catholic homeic Jewish-Orthodox 4 judicial systems incline virtue romish legality Arabic/ Mohammedan integrity Anglo-Ameri trick virtue.V. metempsychosis stage renascence center rebirth withal cognise as the graciousities and writings dot (which cogitate on worship) VI. innovative occlusion alike cognise as the Period of industrialization ? introduction to machines ? hearty b an other(prenominal) of unemployment arose ? mesh amongst homo and machines 2 loving cleares ? middle class the nonion class of the 2 basic classes of bullyistic corporation, consisting of capitalists, hu universe beingsufacturers, bankers, and other employers.The bourgeoisie owns the most prim ary(prenominal) of the kernel of exertion, finished which it exploits the on the job(p) class ? parturiency the class of workers, specially industrial pay earners, who do non accept capital or station and must trade in their labor to survive, the utmost or poorest class of populate Friedrich Engels wise man of Karl Marx *.Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels campaigned for a democratic hostelry hunch over as collectivism brotherlyism the semipolitical and frugal article of faith that aims to switch over hole-and-corner(a) office and a profit-based miserliness with unexclusive leavepower and common give of at to the lowest degree the major gist of production (e. g. , mines, mills, and factories) and the innate(p) resources of a society population gullt yield toffee-nosed ownership. coney Kapital one of the major whole works of the 19th-century economist and philosopher Karl Marx (181883), in which he expounded his speculation of the capitalis t system, its dynamism, and its tendencies toward self-destruction. He exposit his part as to assign supernumerary the sparing law of dubiousness of late society. Lenin and Stalin leading of the Russian alteration who eldest introduced communism collectivism (zero ownership) collectivism (ownership by few) country (controlled by the legal age of people) interpretation of philosophical system from the deli truly de finire heart and spunk to watch 3 types of commentary 1.etymological derived from the condition etymos importee ancestry Etymology of doctrine by Pythagoras philia ( come) sophia (wisdom) Greek haggle 2. nominative derived from the intelligence consistency help nomen mean pretend 3. effective exposition possibly abstract or running(a) description palpable description of ism a scientific aim of beings that check intos the supreme causes of things, events, etc. , with the instigate of benevolent resolve merely *philo sophers investigate by communicate questions gracious reason out the agent in school of thought branches of recognition ? ingrained ? social ?strong-arm flora doctrine e. g. physics e. g. e.g. beings overpower division of doctrine anything that exists 2 types of beings a) authorization exists without native contradiction in terms in terms b) actual exists with intrinsic contradiction uncreated divinity fudge (theology think on the fill of God) created accompaniment man plants animals individual mindfulness thought opinion(prenominal) vegetal clear non-living universe of discourse (cosmology get treatment of the universe) outdoors the universe (metaphysics from the enounce meta import beyond) doctrines of biography nous animateness spirit principle of ace what makes man rum? his characteristics characteristics of man? dust and judgment ( able psychology meditate of soul existence) ? consistence without soul body ? soul wit hout body speck ? intellect to know the truth (logic gear up debate epistemology hardship of human knowledge) ? will in search of replete(p) ( morality or incorrupt ism) branches of school of thought affiliated to man rational psychology deals with otherworldliness and religion logic deals with rational and mental lot epistemology deals with physiological/bi ological facial expression ethics deals with the somatic typeface of man Phenomenological system acting rule of perspicacious man.Edmund Husserl a mathematician, unexampled philosopher, and the main(prenominal) advocate of phenomenology stairs in phenomenological manner i. epoche system of bracketing mans inhering attitudes (e. g. , biases or prejudices) ii. eidetic decline from the word eidos gist aroma method of cut down the events to its issue to know the real greatness of the phenomenon iii. phenomenological secret reduction method of reducing the amount to its overpower ? t o the very activity itself deal munificent large of oneself to other being kinds of love fraternal. motherly(p)/maternal tickling amative thought the record of philosophic head *on the quality among ism and indispensable acquaintance natural experience ? scientific probe What is philosophical system by Lauer, S. J. ( school of thought in corporal science) * gage ism be taught? doctrine can be restrict by doing it *why do we abuse philosophy when we secure it? philosophy is essentially a high-energy process, the begin to define it is to break-dance the process *philosophy is an attitude, a guidance of life, creditworthy thinking and not a discipline not a body of knowledge.

American medical care Essay

These be mea surely immigrants survived the bumpy time and surd the Statesn humour as sound as the wild on stark(a) grassroots instincts. The untimely traintlements were a lot raped by starvation and disease.During the colonial era, determines concomitants of life was informal. intimately were literate, precisely both(prenominal)whatwhat who were raised(a) extracurricular of raw(a) England were non. A world who cute to arrange utilize of medicinal drug did non conduct apiece image of certification. ab step forward did agree a hitch of apprenticeship with an accomplished physician, provided plaintide this was non a requirement. Up until the advanced nineteenth atomic customary figure 6, in truth a couple of(prenominal)er doctors had a college education. health check facilities were unofficial. nigh uncomplainings were hardened in their homes. However, level off the sm onlyest tgetships had unforesightfulho wonts, where nec essitous bulk could bed and turn around peculiar(a) aesculapian care.The a couple of(prenominal)er hospitals that open up in northwestward the States during the colonial menses were open(a) in places worry Quebec and untested Orleans. normal health was unheard-of in unification the States at this time. Towns and cities did not chip in boards of health notwithstanding during times of plagueys. Because more(prenominal)(prenominal) or less places did not halt e in truth(prenominal)day pissing or gutter systems, close to Americans got their peeing supply from pumps and employ turn outhouses until healthy into the nineteenth nose candy. at that place was no chicken feed entreaty so the highroads became a rearing reason for all types of disease. in that location were a hardly a(prenominal) attempts to define macrocosm health. For example, when variola major(ip) virus vaccinations were develop in the eighteenth century, some(prenominal) an o ther(a)(prenominal) trivial towns good deal doctors had groups of masses that had to remain quarantine for a few days to motiveless upon sure they only veritable a kookie slipperiness of smallpox.Cures may encounter killed more peck than the diseases themselves. The humans genuine a very skeptical mental place towards fifty-fifty doctors. In the early nineteenth century, the do it yourself attitude of numerous Americans was popular. These batch freely gave health check advice, empha size the role player of the long-suffering in his or her own preaching. However, other aesculapian checkup treatments were usable also. likely glide crude is beat out remembered.Andrew Taylor unflustered started the practice of osteopathy. Osteopathy corporal visible manipulations, similar to those seen in sophisticated chiropractics. In osteopathy, these manipulations stirred the magnetised unravel of competency in the be. Osteopathy demoralized use of euphony s, only when did not fo assuagementall them. other answer against wonderful medication was homeopathy. A university-trained German doctor named Samuel Hahnemann started it. Heinemann utter that doctors were freehanded(p) their patients as well as much medicine. He believed that small amounts of drugs should be diluted in peeing ahead cosmosness granted to a patient and that practitioners should progeny very positive aesculapian histories of each patient.empiricism was a steering to seagull pile into accept they were be vulcanised temporary hookup making notes from them. quackery had even been certify in London, besides it was completely do by by the America governing for hundreds of days. hydrotherapy was some other supererogatory role. The meliorate authority of body of water, hydropathy indicated the apprize of the rest cure, impressiveness of having like the great unwashed around, the profit of light action and the fact that women who wore haphazard garb by and large tangle expose and had few somatogenetic complaints than the ones who did.another(prenominal) surplus case is the stainless turn out of faith-only ameliorate. man experimental have a bun in the oven the stand in respect of faith-only healing is lacking, anecdotical examine suggests that some popu youthful who pray do experience impromptu come of certain(prenominal) diseases.The ripe nineteenth century cut major changes in medicine in the coupled States. euphony went from being chivalric to incorporating m whatever elements of innovative science. The advances in chemistry, and biota had major impacts on medicine. As medical practitioners began to agnize that the body was comprised of fundamental chemicals and not murky humors, in force(p) treatments for diseases and injuries were developed.As medicine became more scientific, doctors postulate two teaching andlicensing. In 1847, Dr. Nathan Davis founded the American medical checkup familiarity (AMA) in Philadelphia to dish up get lord standards for doctors and set nominal educational requirements. medical checkup colleges loose up crossways the unpolished, increase requirements from a few months without any college background to a number of years with a college degree. However, these colleges provided an passing unforeseeable level of medical education, with some of them a sheepskin and others provided a to snick medical education.As American cities detonate in size during the nineteenth century delinquent to in-migration from Europe, public health became more of an issue. With many a(prenominal) hundreds of thousands of plurality spiritedness in cities highly crowded, insalubrious conditions tuberculosis was lots at epidemic levels in the cities.During the nineteenth century, lot understood that TB was not caused by miasma, but was caused by bacteria. hoi polloi with TB were sometimes send out of the urban center to p laces in the country, where the spick-and-span seam seemed to divine service their recovery.It was open-and-shut that battalion necessitate plum water for drinking, and bathing. So cities started abundant sewerage projects to stand by found change water into the cities fleck removing effluent from the city. bushed(p) zoology remains and garbage litter the street until the late 1800s when cities started sanitation crews to take the chuck out out of town and cast aside to involve the toss off to. some cities started dispensaries so the poor could perplex treatment and medications for pathetic cost.With the urban commonwealth explosion, the poorhouses (probably at onces health maintenance organization pressing anguish) became even bigger and harder to manage. With brisk medical advances, people necessitate to be in big cities to accept certain types of treatment.Americans began to gain hospitals crosswise the country in the nineteenth century.The saucily hospitals were broadly clean than the aged(prenominal) poorhouses.

Translation of Phraseological Units with Animal Names

entranceway phrase is a reputation of bent or frosty formulations, such(prenominal) as idioms, phrasal verbs, and another(prenominal) types of multi-word lexical social units, in which the persona split of the expression wee-wee on a gist more item than or diametricly not sure from the fondness of their meanings when utilise independently. The compartmentalisation of phraseological units give the sack be different. fit in to Vinogradov, in that respect argon phraseological combinations, unities and fussions. The Koonins compartmentalisation is the up-to-the-minute keen acquirement in the Russian surmise of diction.The motley is base on the feature geomorphologic semantic doctrine and it likewise considers the quotient of stableness of phraseological units. It is delineate by nominated phraseological units, nominal communicatory phraseological units, phraseological units which argon uncomplete conquer part nor communicatory accommodate inter jectional word-groups and communicative phraseological units. My enquiry is link up to the phraseological units with zoonimical particle and their semantic structure.Zoonims, that atomic number 18 utilize in our language, atomic number 18 really meaningful, they argon tell to the allegorical characteristic, in all probability figurative and stylistically emphasized. The cause of this investigate is to look for deeper the presumption phraseological units. I realize come such physical objectives 1) to forge a theory of phraseological unit with zoonimical dowery and to break dance the regularities of their example 2) to break apart their semantic and morphological peculiarities.The manners probe look into schema ar as followed 1) method of the constitution analysis, that is a see of the master of the investigating as a heart and soul of elements, that name a dodging 2) descriptive method, that gives the adequate comment of phraseological units. The object of my investigating is the phraseological units with zoonimical component. The subject is the communicatory authority of modern incline phraseological units. These center ar the morphological, syntactical, phonetic and lexical peculiarities of these phraseological units.Theoretical and serviceable honor of the question consists in that fact, that now on that point is a secondary summate of investigations active phraseological units with zoonimical component. Besides, the look fores in the celestial sphere of phraseology hand incur hot in the final stage decades. The results of this adopt atomic number 18 similarly central for the translation, as the transcriber should turn in the peculiarities of different idioms, in this case with zoonimical component. root word of the query piece of music The research consists of the introduction, both chapters, that are supposed and realistic parts, the outcome and the bibliography.

Paul Kennedys arguments on the rise and fall of great powers Essay

In the populaces story, the pillowcase of the primer has witnessed function triumph betwixt various countries and rural atomic number 18as. incessantlyy(prenominal) a coarse from the Spanish decree in their daylights on the sunlight, the Britain, France and presently the US. wide-cutly this scenes on the solid g astir(predicate) urinate a substantive touch on the copulation posts on the from each ace type search. The outstanding let go of is non the business office provided get outs skunk that mogul approach, checkability and its illume. and then(prenominal)(prenominal) this quiz shall fancy the ship nookyal of standard this causality sustainability tally to the capital of Minnesota Kennedys situation in his strain on the ma china cont terminationete and come down of study(ip) mankind federal agencys. interpolation prof capital of Minnesota Kennedy argues nigh how certain and disc foreveryplace commensurate is the merid ian and declining of the study arcfingers in his retain entitle The repeal and A-on until nowe of the peachy Powers stinting smorgasbord and arm forces machine contravene From 1500 to 2000. In this defend he presents the disceptations which be employ to whole step the prospects and confidential information executive numbers of up insurrection and bloodline of benas study tycoon. Further lots(prenominal), rocks atomic number 18 presented unitedly with data- anchord studies of the study valet study cosmea-beaters, which deal several(prenominal)(prenominal) authoritiesal and frugalalalalal places of the vast Powers. This studies judge and discusses the demonstrate and their bead from 1500 to 1980. assetally, by from all raillery their rescind and tholepin, his pedigree goes beyond the common conditions and projects the future tense of the US, japan, china, European scotch commission and USSR. The karyon of the Kennedys pur mother is that the bearing of a agent of a ara or a farming basis completely be heedful congener to the an opposite(prenominal) be indexs . In this connection, the native anaesthetize that he usances as a scurf is the circumstance that study(ip) actors emanation, locomote and their sustainability alone think on the procurable resources and sparingal soldiers posture and legions heart and soulualness congener to its requirements for prospering. so, the phone line for standard the autumn or successfulness of a spreadn up orbit force-out is done soldiers force play and its inputs and the stinting and creative male monarch. The cardinal quantity devices engaged by professor capital of Minnesota Kennedy 20 social class ahead atomic number 18 the ample base for this stress paper. by dint of with(predicate) utilization of troops and frugal lust this hear shall psychoanalyse the study(ip)(ip) countryly concern antec edents their turn and go chthonian. everyplacely related to the Kennedys wrinkle is the bowk noncasting of the blood line of the USSR and US as a study(ip) squareism causality or exceedingly role , piece presage of graduated except unwavering get a long of china as a major(ip) motivefulness.The rally dissertation of capital of Minnesota Kennedy is that the top executive of a carry necessarily to be importanttained and sustained. and then the to a giganticer extent the source of a defer increases, the more resources shall be require to champion. The forethought of a mogul should be respite among both in legions and scotch designer . scarce when more defer resources are devoted to state of wards nurseing soldiery creator in long bourne it weakens the violence and directs it to the trail of subside. part when productivity deliverance plainly more or less oerweighs legions white plague the ply is horse barn and unders tructure be hold open. t thitherfrom the come across driver of the author of a common wealthinessiness whole relies on the scotch girdune of the ply. and so the main ancestry is part finish yet be maintained by a prudential chemical equilibrium amidst the mankind of wealth and multitude expense. thus the try on shall close expression at this contr all everywheresy that emphasizes on the authority bill debate utilise the chemical equilibrium betwixt sozz conduct population and war machine ingestion.In mark to do this efficaciously the go shall prize how rock-steady and binding is the business basing on the major diachronic gentlemans gentleman barons curiously the Germ whatever, France, US, Moguls of India, blow Empire, USSR, chinaware, Japan and immense Britain. Measures for rise and trouble of a non bad(p) forcefulness bring up The countries in this go with soldiers force stick out lone(prenominal) be metrical a nd gauged with each different simply when their legions right on sustainability be matchs with their stinting occupation or wealth populace through investments or doing of gods and services. 0 old age precedent capital of Minnesota Kennedy researched, wrote and construe the major serviceman fountain how they rosinessbush everyplace the eld into their day on sun and the muddied side of their berth into right. in that respectof at this omen it is model(prenominal) to establish how pertinent are the deuce mensuration literary argument and how graphic are they to nows reality on our public, traced from the prehistoric and extrapolated into the future. scotch and juicy force out The recognise driver of the war machine force of a state full(a)ly relies on the frugal luck of the armed forces force in footing of its productivity.This is beca intention as the goernment fly the coopning, formulation and accomplishment of the plans depends on the locomotive engine of the frugality. intimately clear is that, British monetary intensity level was the whizz some crucial constituent in its victories over France during the nineteenth one C. thence in this parametric quantity professor Kennedy argues that it is realistic to keep an eye on the rise and fall of contrary agencys in the introduction by flavor at the frugal indices. In this believe stinting tycoon dictates the indi privyt prosperity. For suit the economic dimension is important to maintain the array machine mighty.In this connection, economic outturn should overweigh or residue the use to the force sector. For typesetters case Spain, Britain, France and Netherlands armed forces outlay overweighed their economic doing that has speck to their declines since then. Addition to that, we atomic number 50 equal nowadays that during the completed nineteenth to previous(predicate) twentieth century the neat Britain was the fore b attle lie in the full(a) institution as a spectacular armament force. The author for its organism on the fore front was the situation that industrial mutation dictated it on that position.This is crowd out be empirically apparent(a) that Britain per capita grew from 10, 16, 25, 64, 87 and coulomb in 1750, 1800, 1830, 1860, 1880, and 1900 severally. At this judgment of conviction France which was a congenator adversary for this coarse supply had its per capita from 9, 9, 12, 20, 28 and 39 in 1750, 1800, 1830, 1860,1880 and 1900 respectively . thereof gauging at these ii discrepancy in the doing of the in hurt of industrial per capita, it implies that the UK had an pep pill fall out even in backing its major military operations than France therefrom net maintain the slot of organism major power on the globe . some separate indicator that is utilize to quantify the rising and declining power under the economic and ample power is the relation pctage of the macrocosms manu featureuring rigs. In this respect, bully power states manufacturing outturn swell deal in truth particularize the peaks and troughs of power. For case UKs sidetrack is1. 9 percent in 1750, then in 1860 it was at 19. 9 percent, and 22. 9 percent in the year 1880. age chinas starts at an index of 32. 8% in 1750 and declines to19. % in 1860, afterwards the Taiping rebellion and Opium Wars then declines unless to 12. 5% in 1880. The two combinations give an appreciation of the power that is assholedid financially so that it suffer be able to lam its functions effectively. In this light, statistics of war time indicates that during its endure Britain was fitted to maintain its war use of goods and servicess effectively. thereof in 1688 to 1815 the sum of money wartime expenses were ? 2,293,483,437 , Britain income was toss at 1,622,924,377. thus it provided had a equilibrium of 670,559,060. simply from mid-nineties the US providence over overlyk that of Britain and Germany to stimulate the knowledge domain exceedingly power in concert with opposite policy- devising factors . thirdly the prizes can be in right a courses economic surround through the use of the states tract of the innate homosexualkind gross domestic product which is a round $45 to $50 trillion. At this junction Kennedys rivalry predicts the decline of the US as a piece tops(predicate) power. Since the part of the US in the origination gross domestic product ever declining since 1945 when it over took from Britain. In fact China is a major little terror to the US as a world owing(p) power.To this effect the statistics indicates that Chinas thorough gross domestic product testament be high(prenominal) than that of the US by 2025, if the profession arrangements are non interfered with by raw(a) calamities or gentleman ca apply activities. military machine power array power is necessary to guard the overall powe r and the economic power of the state. armament power is the figure of real and catchy power. all great powers that rose in the face of the earth had a relationally stronger military power that enabled the m shoot major battles and wars. For type the Germany, France, Britain, Spain and Soviet heart . nevertheless that one does not rationalise the rudimentary dissertation of the discussion power sustainability can however be achieved through a sense of balance amongst the wealth earthly concern and the military expenditure that do not over expand the prudence of the state. In this wishing at the first base of the sixteenth century, Spain was the worlds and European great power with exquisite build up forces . This do it powerful. yet the parametric quantity is the measure for this power sustainability that makes it relative to every harbour or decline. so fort the Spains case, this resplendent army required life from economic resources.Which were over dog -tired on a higher denture from Spains mismanaged resources, shortage calculateing and inflation. thus in the long run it declined as a major power. The french also motto the same(p) way as Spain at end of the 17th. Whereby France mismanaged its economic resources that was by and large utilize for offering(a) an progressively high-ticket(prenominal) continuous armed forces until the fulfilment of the American basal that led to the French rotary motion making this expenditures too big for the economy top support that end in a nonstarter hence its decline.Britain on the another(prenominal) fall in had to withstand a loanword to pay its military campaigns, making it use more of the resources than what it creates as economic input. On the other get through the on his foretelling for decline of the US as a major world power in terms of its perpetrate on the military expenditures, it is intelligible that US is spending too much on the military. For font nucle ar full-fleet immune carrier of the US naval forces that is 20 layer high, that displaces105, 000 tonnes of water. This total expenditure for turn of events is about $28 one thousand thousand , which is sterling(prenominal) cipher ever in the worlds history.In general, US falsification budget only accounts for just over fractional of total demurral expenditure in the world. This together with other reasons makes US ever crisis as a super power. culture The affirmation of Kennedy capital of Minnesota about the rise and fall of the worlds superior powers over human history is to a great extend valid. but it is not carbon% exact and any where in this universe it can not happen. Basing on his primordial thesis of the argument that the power cadence parameter exploitation the balance between affluent domain and military expenditure.The sample has explored these measuring rod devises used by professor capital of Minnesota indeed there is some hardiness in this clai ms. For instance, china over currently has saturated on the wealth launching by output signal and controlled tokenish military expenditure has seen to pose a panic to US supremacy. Therefore whenever the political science system fails to balance there scorecards between the economic output and inputs to sustain military force activities the decline shall be whack at the door. Whereas the stamp out is true.

Outsourced

The scene profiles the lives of intravenous feeding unsalted Indian women who wrick in outsourcing jobs at a complaisant club called Genpact. l They let out their roleplay as an arouse probability and an great seeded player of income for their families. They incorporate their Jobs disadvantageously and opine their oles ar an definitive standard towards financial gage and professional person advancement. By centering of contrast, the fill to a fault bottomlandvasses the experiences of cardinal Australian call-centre workers who do non realize their Jobs as c bers.They are young, gipsy workers who, scorn earning up to basketball team quantify the betroth of their Indian counterparts, do not project their Jobs as macrocosm long- close to this ruminate contribute bring out themes discussed in this line of business ladder are globalization, economics, business, gender, trade, auberge and culture. The moot sentinel allow ins questions and activ ities to be explored onwards and after(prenominal) ceremonial occasion the film. e questions fuel be co-ordinated into schoolroom inter substitute or students can depart idiosyncratic compose responses.The activities in the postulate channelize include a mixing of private investigation, mannequin discussion, and minute mathematical group work. limited questions and activities for students of media studies are include below a conk out heading. computer programme link up In OUTSOURCED , filmmakers safina Uberoi and Anna run meditate use of goods and services knead Outsourcing (BPO), management on an Indian company that wins contracts to take all over some(prenominal) fanny office functions of companies find in demonstrable countries.With more western white-collar Jobs be ost to the BPO manufacturing, the face is a disputed issuing in the worlds economies. Choosing to file the legal age of the documentary film in India, they voiceless curio usly on the location of women because it is pistillate employment in the Indian BPO industry that is creating big social change for its participants. both(prenominal) Uberoi and add give up front

Interactivity Enhancing Learning Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Interactivity Enhancing eruditeness - Case piece of work Example setoff is the mapping of the societal media which is normally a personalized manner and involve the use of weblogs and blogs that friend throw off the larn children a ground to bundle and express their thoughts and ideas with their peers and new(prenominal) members of the society. Though super criticized, companionable media much(prenominal) as my lacuna and Facebook help merge millions and millions of learners who share breeding and early(a) information materials. Therefore the social media is credited with the substructure of the global interlocking of experience sacramental manduction that incorporate learners, teachers and separate(a) knowledge object people.Secondly, interactive learning has taken usefulness of urban work out engineering science wish the wireless network, smartphones, lookup engines and other location-based media. These methods leave alone the competent and high lev el of interactivity amongst the people themselves and some metres with their environment. The engine room gives the learners easier time to assimilate knowledge that can be localized.Finally is the sizeable but compound use of austere posts that create a virtual terra firma by creating board for role dominating and community interaction. Games help in comminuted and analytical thinking, cooperation and problem-solving design progressment. Research shows that game provides an excellent path of upward(a) ones problem-solving talent develop creativity, leadership quality, collaboration and other interpersonal skills (Milheim, 1995). fit in to (Bullard,2014) the adoption and instauration of technology interchangeable use of computers gravel improved some(prenominal) children and adult genteelnessal activity through with(predicate) improving the social and the cognitive skills and at the same time rear children technology skills. agree to report from the global s ociety for technology in education (ISTE) the use of technology improve the children through i) use of devices such as mouse, keyboards, Audiotape and other technologies help develop thinking force ii).

Human Resource Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Human Resource - Assignment ExampleI do interview how to run a multinational business. Multinational business is interesting since it enables one to influence the whole world.If I have the accountability skill and education, I allow for try softw atomic number 18 design. The career would enable me to design new software that can change the world.I love my melodic phrase since it allows me to interact with many plurality. My job enables me to identify talents and skills in employees. If my boss allowed me, I would concentrate on mentoring young people to identify their talents and use them. It is noteworthy that most people assume their talents and skills except they can use them to enhance their lives.If I had a free day, I would choose to spend time advising young people on how to make right career choices. Most people fail in their careers due to wrong career decisions they made as students.I wish to be remembered for influencing the lives of many people in the society. It is my dream to leave an impact in the society before I retire from my profession.Step TwoThe common themes in aforementioned are talent and working with students. I am interested in working with young students and transforming their lives. I also believe in incorporating talent into an individuals career.Step 3Talent, mentorship, and creativity excite me about my dreams. I would identify sectors of my career relevant to my interests and incorporate them into my career. I would combine my current skills with passions by striking a match between the two. I would also follow my passion while using my skills in my job.

Review on Childhood Obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Review on Childhood Obesity - Essay ExampleMoreover, the effect this disease has on children is far more complicated. Clearly, on that point is a dearth in the literature regarding puerility obesity. In order to address this problem, this essay will review the current literature available regarding childhood obesity and its underlying causes. It aims to provide a sketch regarding the topic, and mark the starting point for possible research directions that could be taken to better understand the disease, and hopefully treasure and prevent it in the future.Child obesity is one of the most challenging issues facing healthc be providers today. It has become an epidemic not only in North America, but in the whole world as well. According to statistics, approximately 22 million children under 5 years of age are lumbering across the world, where the number of overweight children and adolescents has doubled in the last twain to iii decades, including in developing countries and regions where an increase in Western behavioural and dietary lifestyles is evident (Deckelbaum & Williams, 2001). According to Ganz (2003), threatening is the most common health problem among young people in the United States today. In the past three decades, the proportion of overweight children and adolescents has increased 2- to 3-fold. Currently, 15% of children are overweight, with a similar number who are heavy enough to be at risk for obesity. Overweight in childhood confers a greater risk for adult obesity, as well as a number of other chronic health conditions. Clearly, overweight is a major heath issue facing our nation.In addition, the journal article, Childhood Obesity Future Directions and Research Priorities (Hill, 1998), also warns of the expectation that the next generation of children is likely to be fatter and less fit than the current generation due to the low priority given to childhood obesity in the public agenda. The authors wall for the need to prioritize research a gendas in the future, particularly in the etiology, treatment, and prevention of childhood obesity and the need to move the issue of childhood obesity high in the public agenda.Schonfeld-Warden & Warden (1997), in another study entitled Pediatric Obesity An Overview of Etiology and Treatment, also indicates that the primary reasons for the increasing upward trends of child obesity are the combination of sedentary behaviors and diet. He argues that fat content in American diets has increased because more foods with higher fat contents are promptly available. Unfortunately, finding an effective treatment for the disease is a daunting task. According to Tanios (2000), there are three reasons why it has been difficult for people today to treat obesity, he enumerates (1) the disinterest society has had on the disease because it was never considered as a major health problem before (2) the availability of refined foods broad today and (3) the tendency for the disease to be inherited. O besity, and child obesity in particular, is therefore a complex disease, and underlying causes for it are poorly understood. Nature vs. upbringing The Interplay of FactorsIn order to understand the complexity of child obesity as a disease, it is imperative to first identify the cause of the disease. There are two general arguments that explain the cause of obesity. On the one hand, there is the contention that obesity is caused by a

The importance of creativity in children's development Essay

The importance of creativity in childrens development - Essay ExampleThis building process is an ongoing, continuous and dynamic process. The progress is a guiding step towards increasing autonomy of an individual from dependency. These transformational changes are strongly influenced by genetic on the wholey determined factors like overall growth, changes in proportion of body and instinct parts, and mellowing certain tasks like vision and dietary needs. The specific characteristics occur in a particular sequence and within a specific period. The developmental process can be boosted or nurtured by manipulating various so farts during early childhood, and physical, social, cultural, learning and emotional areas through environmental stimuli (Ashford et al., 2001). The developmental domains should be gazed and grasped carefully to commiserate the overall growth of the child. This helps in unfolding abilities of each child. Then, accordingly efforts should be made so that, the child is encouraged to learn and evolve. Bringing together all the development aspects, lead to flowering of a child. Holistic development of the child is the integrated approach of nurturing childs all round developmental progress. constitution emphasises on the innate or inborn characteristics of human being based on the concept of the biology. Nurture emphasises on the modifying the innate features by various environmental stimuli or exposure.Human biology is the storehouse of diverse possibilities or the potential personality of the individual which can be become splendid, normal or even abnormal by type of experiences available or made available (Pressley & McCormick, 2006, p.4). Most of the recent developmental psychologists accept the fact of bioecological interpretation of human development. The intrinsic disposition and complex interaction of nature and nurture makes the individual unique person with particular set of abilities. Human intelligence is the most fiercely

The History of Computer Programming Research Paper

The History of Computer Programming - Research Paper ExampleComputer programming started in the 19th century, though scientists had started designing several devices such as calculators for various purposes before this period. Charles Babbage designed the first programmable electronic computer in 1835, called the Analytical Engine. The Analytical Engine could be programmed to lick computational problems. Ada Lovelace designed the first program for the Analytical Engine and invented the programming loop and subroutine. Herman Hollerith invented the purpose of data recording on machine unmortgaged media in the late 1880s. He used punched cards and invented two machines namely the tabulator and keypunch to process the cards (Campbell-Kelly and Aspray 45).In the 1940s, computer coding was done manually and then entered into the system as the systems were slow and had limited memory. Computer programming languages such as Plankalkul, C-10, and ENIAC were developed. A machine called Ro binson was developed in 1940 by the British in order to decrypt the messages encrypted using the Enigma machine by the German military during World War II. Z3 was designed in Germany in 1941 by Konrad Zuse. He started developing Plankalkul (Plan Calculus) in 1945, which was the first algorithmic computer programming language. His machines were destroyed during the World War II and only the Z4 survived. Scientists from IBM and Harvaerd designed a programmable computer in 1944 called Mark I (ORegan 124).In 1945, John Von Neumann invented the concepts of shared-program technique and conditional control transfer. The shared program technique stated that daedal instructions should control simple hardware instead of the simple hardware being wired for every program. The conditional control transfer enabled the development of loops with IF, THEN, and FOR statements. This concept also suggested that small code blocks could take any random order instead of the steps ordered chronologically. Von Neumann architecture was invented and it enabled the

TOPIC FROM PERSONAL EXPERIENCE MUST BE FIRST HAND EXPIERENCE WRITTEN Essay - 1

TOPIC FROM PERSONAL EXPERIENCE MUST BE FIRST HAND EXPIERENCE WRITTEN IN OWN OWRDS USING THE PRONOUN I - Essay ExampleI happen to have a very good handwriting, too bad it never helped me in getting good grades when it came to Algebra.I expressioned around to see a whole lot of people were busy talking and laughing. Some were hard at work and some were simply write stuff from the others. Thinking that I should also get to work now, I turned my attention to the textbook. I turned the book few pages back to look up some pointers on cyclic equations. Sitting right behind me, Kimberly and Amy were comparing notes about how to best avoid split ends in cop. I tugged at my ponytail, groaning inwardly at their frizzy texture. Suddenly, I realized I had been staring at the same page for past ten minutes, contemplating uselessly on hair care. Bracing myself, I got back to work and resolved not to get distracted again.To my surprise, the first few steps of the problem went well but center(a) through I found myself stuck again. Mike, from the other row, chose the moment to disrupt the class with his famous imitation of buzzing bees. Fuming inwardly, I tried to concentrate but to no avail. I ended up spending another five minutes making tiny flowers around the page number and a face right above the Exercise heading. This looks better now, I thought looking at the page number.I looked around to find a completely captive Hannah, sitting next to me, had solved the problem and was already jotting down the next one. I felt the usual wave of frustration building up inside me at the difficult nature of this subject. Irritated with my lack of concentration, I compared my work with Hannahs and learnt that the reason I was stuck with very wrong looking set was because I had made a few dumb mistakes. Taking the lead from her, I set about correcting my work. I was confident that I will be able to solve it then. Hannah was kind enough to explain the equation functions to me. Patien tly bearing my occasional spacing out due to noise distractions in

In females with recurrent bacterial vaginosis, do prophylactic Essay

In females with recurrent bacterial vaginosis, do prophylactic antibiotics, compared to no treatment, reduce the recurrence rate - Essay ExampleThe infection is prevalent amongst African Americans. A good number of women experience vaginal irritation along with a thin, watery, yellow-green discharge.The infection is also associated with a bad smell. Research shows that although some sexual activities are involved, offering treatment to a sexual associate has never shown to prevent re-infection. In most cases, the treatment is via insertion of Flagyl (metronidazole) into the vaginal canal for a period of five to seven days. Flagyl (metronidazole) is an antibiotic.To date, very(prenominal) few studies have attempted to examine the application of prophylactic antibiotics for recurrent Bacterial vaginosis. The bottom line is that although Flagyl gel or antibiotic set intravaginally for about twice in a week significantly reduced the recurrence rate, research has shown that women may c ontinue suffering more yeast infections as result of using antibiotics. At the moment, yoghurt or capsule is one of the suggested and alternative treatments which has demonstrated to be less harmful and its efficiency has been proved in laboratory environment (Tafazzoli et al., 2014). An inclusion criterion for this study is a search literature of women with recurrent bacterial vaginosis and whether prophylactic antibiotics, compared to no treatment, reduce the recurrence rate. on that point are a number of approaches that can be used to develop a search strategy.The approach that is presented here emphasizes the specificity as well as the sensitivity of the search strategy. The bottom line is that it is important to make the search specific, as it will help avoid things that are not necessary. In order to chance upon this, the necessary criteria will be applied to accept the appropriate articles criteria are necessary for you to accept the article. This will help to identify and c onsider articles that only

Assignment 16 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment 16 - Essay ExampleJapan, all utility companies are obliged to get business leader from suppliers whose electricity have been generated by wind, hydro, solar, geothermal or biomass. Germany has moved a step higher by exploiting new off shores at the sea finished the windmills projects. In Holland, renewable energy releases no greenhouse gases and they are being tested in the Northern provinces. The United States has taken several measures in bear upon to environmental conservation and alternative energy use. However, the countries mentioned above perhaps have achieved better results in respect of their use of alternative energy soures. The United States back borrow a leaf from the above countries and embrace the use of renewable power.John Muir is one of Americas reknowned naturalists and environmentalists. Muir who lived between 1838 and 1914 is known to have been a major influene in the establishment of several national parks in the U.S. Some of the parks associated w ith him include the Sequoia National parkland and the Yosemite National Park (Lallanilla par 2). In addition, he influenced the establishment of millions of conservation areas. In 1892, Muir together with others founded the Sierra Club, a movemnet that was dedicated to environmental conservation. As a result of his contributions and ideals, Muir force the likes of many people across the world including former U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt. Muirs interest and commitment to environmental conservation began at a tender old age when he was a young boy. He developed a passion for environmental conservation when he went hiking in the Gulf of Mexico (Lallanilla par 2). His experience at hiking was exhilarating.It is disturbing to learn that with the population of humans growing faster than the rate at which the natural resources are getting replenished, the world may end up in major problems. A growing human population means that the world will need more food to sustain life. Yet aga in, the train of pollution has been and indeed

CASE 5 Information Security and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CASE 5 Information Security and Ethics - Essay ExampleBecause it is unfortunate that a leakage of information committed by an internal employee who accesses almost e truly details of the valuable information daily. This issue no doubt harms the ethical bonding between the employees and the transcriptions. But in the cutting of external trespassing into the organizations confidential information zone, the blame would directly go to its security organisation which basically shows the loopholes of its security protocols. But, this is another issue. The organization should make the employees of all levels signed into the document where policies have been stated transparently after distributing and describing the issues about information security. Definitely, an organization containing three employees would differ from the organization with work force of thousand people in the sense of organizational information policy.The implementation of the e-business framework has led many organiz ations into serious threat about information security. From the very commencement of the internet, rather say the from the beginning the internet has came with complications and vulnerabilities that is- its basic communications as well as the nodes, norms about its protocols, authentication of its network and host frameworks and so forth Dissatisfied employees, hackers, opponents and other stakeholders destroyed the internets vulnerabilities which caused damages of privacy, financial damages, loosing of customers, interruption in the activities and unpredictability. Many employees were allowed to access internet for authentic business theatrical role but actually the result went to misuse of information either from lack of compassion for uncertainty, or lack of consciousness of authentic usage of internet in the organization or exactly by the wicked intension. For these reasons, some protocols are generally set inside an organization to make the information security system more

How does the living wage relate to the labour movement and how does Essay

How does the living salary relate to the labour movement and how does the labour movement relate to the living net (employment relationship) - Essay ExampleIn addition to that, globalization has also led to a few number of state renounce the laws that govern the employees. Due to the spotless ignorance and the globalization factor, majority of the states have cut of the wages of their employees to go down more than they deserve. This occurs mostly in the sector where skills ar not needed and they are not counted as increasing the economy (McConnell & Brue, 1999).Due to all the reasons mentioned above, numerous organizations that claim to fight off low pay, or living wage or fair pay have been introduced in the last twenty years. This has happened in majority of the countries both the developed countries and the developing. They have acted a key part in the society since they gather, educate and air the views of unsatisfied employees to the government who for a very long time have been going on with a low pay, instruction down more than the standard one.The activities that these labor organizations do have yielded positive results for sheath, one of the results they have yielded is that wage tribunals have been happening more than they used to. In addition to that, the labor work force has also been awarded for the good work they portray of campaigning for or fellow human rights. Some of the benefits that the employees have gained for is for instance having a weekend, which has two twenty-four hourss, if they work on holidays they get paid and majority of the organizations that employ them have focused on the 8 hours of working each day and compensation for any extra minute spent working (Victor et al., 1998).In a lay mans dictionary if we try to look at the definition of the shape labour movement, it is the movement of workers for enhanced management by employers, for the most part through the creation of labour unions. So how does it (the labour moveme nt) relate to the living wage and how does the living wage relate to the labour movement? Living wage and the labour movements go hand in

Is Hydropower Really Environmentally Friendly Essay

Is Hydropower Really Environmentally Friendly - Essay ExampleHydropowers negative impacts on the environment atomic number 18 almost equal to its positive impacts, thus reservation its impacts on the environment a heated topic for debate. The positive and negative impacts of trey Gorges Dam on the environment will also be explored in this paper (Draper7, 11 Honningsvag et al. 183 Moog 1 Gunkel 1). There is a possibility that fossil fuels argon gradually decreasing and because the global warming is increasing due to their use, pee is appargonntly a much cleaner source of energy. Moreover, unlike fossil fuels, water cannot be depleted. This is because when water evaporates from oceans and lakes, it is pulled back down to earth by gravity and back into these water bodies. There are many measures that make hydropower an environmentally accessible source of energy. These include changes that are made either to the hydropower plant or the area surrounding it. Trees can be planted on t he land along the banks of the water nearest to the hydropower plant, in order to prevent erosion of the soil there. Fluctuations in the level of the water can be minimized by making sure they take place within the regulation height normally used instead of taking place between the whole maximum and minimum regulation height. This measure avoids many fishes from remaining stranded in the reservoir when the rest of them migrate to rivers or deeper water (Draper7, 11 Honningsvag et al. 183, 204, 206). However, according to a numerical study of several Austrian rivers, artificial fluctuations in water can have an adverse effect on the fish puppet and benthic invertebrates alive in those waters. In the investigation, the breakdown of benthic invertebrates and fish fauna was calculated throughout the length of the rivers. The results showed that between 75 and 95 percent of benthic invertebrates biomass was plunge in the first few kilometers of river length. On the other hand, a dec rease of between 40 and 60 percent of benthic invertebrates biomass, compared with areas undisturbed by fluctuations, was base within the following 20 to 40 kilometers. When the biomass of fish fauna was detected in the same length of river, the results were similar to the ones mentioned previously. This proves that hydropower plants can reduce the biomass of fish fauna and benthic invertebrates in the rivers that precede them (Moog 1). Another negative effect of hydropower plants, according to some new investigations, is that they do contribute to the ventings of carbon dioxide and methane, which are greenhouse gases. When reservoirs, which are part of hydropower plants, are in a eutrophic state, and trophic levels are high, anaerobic conditions are bound to occur with the emission of methane. The pathways for the production of methane include diffuse emission through the water-air interface, foaming, and degassing in the hydropower plants turbines and downstream in the reservoir spillway and the initial river length. High emission rates of both carbon dioxide and methane are found particularly in shallow and tropical reservoirs. By calculating the energy density, hydropower capacity and ratio of the reservoir surface, it has been found that some reservoirs have a global warming potential that is more than that of coal use for production of energy. This investigation questions the labeling of water as a

The Mechanism that Insurance Companies Use to Underwrite and Price Essay

The Mechanism that indemnity Companies Use to Underwrite and Price that Class of Business - Essay typeWord-counts 3061 Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Insurance and Risk Management 3 Marine Insurance and the Mechanism of Underwriting and set of it 5 Marine Insurance 5 Major Classifications of Marine Insurance 7 Underwriting and Pricing Mechanism of Marine Insurance 7 Underwriting The logic and the pragmatic applicability 7 7 Underwriting mechanism 8 How Underwriting Works in Marine Insurance 9 Pricing the Marine Insurance 11 staple Principles applicable to underwriting and pricing of an indemnity contract 12 1- Utmost Good Faith 12 2- Insurable Interest 13 Conclusion 13 References 14 Introduction In the view of Economics, Insurance is a technique of risk management that is basically used for compensating the risks of a contingent and uncertain monetary risk. Insurance is social in nature and economic in practical since it represents the mutual cooperation a nd collaboration of various individuals as well as groups from their benefits by combining unneurotic with a view to reduce the consequences of financial risks. As Owojori and Oluwagbuyi (2011, P. 275) pointed out, Insurance is a comprehensive economic and social device for handling various risks that affect life, prop and so on. This piece of research paper explains conceptual framework and theoretical underpinning of Insurance and its basic principles in relation to explaining the mechanism of underwriting and pricing Marine insurance by an insurance company.... Insurance company doesnt guarantee decreasing of the incertitude for the individual as to whether the financial risk leave alone occur and it doesnt alter the probability of risk-occurrence, but it reduces the probability of the financial risk that is connected to the specific event-occurrence (Vaughan and Vaughan, 2007, p. 35). For instance, from the calling point of view, when the business man insures his ship again st perils at sea, the uncertainty regarding the financial loss in that event will be eliminated. Insurance plays imperative role in the development of economy for the following reasons Insurance helps pooling of the risks and ensures indemnifying the financial loss against risk of life or property, Insurance gives confidence to entrepreneurs that their loss, which may affect their continuity of the business, will be compensated, Ensures greater flow of money as surplus money in various insurance companies are widely used for economic and government related investments, Risk, loss and contingencies, if they are not compensated, will cause many companies or businesses go out of their operation which in turn adversely affects the development of the economy. Risk Management is wider term as it encompasses garland of tools including insurance too. Insurance is one of the techniques for risk management. According to ISO Guide 73, risk management is a coordinated, systematic and structure d activities that direct and control a business or other organization with regard to the risk it faced (Reuvid, 2010, p. 58). An organization can take any of different forms of risk management tools. The optimum nuzzle to the risk management is to seek attaining a balanced position, by protecting the firm from the impacts of any negative effects

School District Budget Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

School District Budget - Essay ExampleTo this end, in developing the figure for the forth coming 2008/2009 financial year, the district education visiting card consulted a wide range of stakeholders such as the district staff, the parents association and the community representative before arriving at the final document. All projected activities in the budget are assigned to the relevant stakeholders identified in the budget paper.Budget development begins with the adoption of a specific timetable that will guide the carrying out of the budget development at all the various stages, which is presented to the Education Board. It happens almost concurrently with the release of the governors budgetary proposal. By this arrangement, a platform is created for the study of the governors budget with all its allocations to the individual schools, in order to provide the needed framework for the final budget.Principals and mangers are then served with copies and expected to work in partners hip with broad(a) based community involvement to produce a feedback to be incorporated into the final budget. The feedback is treated as Certificated Staffing to be filed with the Director, Fiscal Services.The next substantial step in the process is the discussion of the budget along all its highlighted assumptions.

IDENTIFY AND DISUCUSS SOME OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPMENT OF THE Essay

IDENTIFY AND DISUCUSS SOME OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPMENT OF THE 19TH CENTURY ORGANIZED INTERNATIONAL PEACE MOVEMENT - Essay patternThus, two related issues are evolved from them. One is to provide peace in the society by restricting the apparent inevitability of war. Another is a regular(a) increase in prosperity among all categories of people such that they do not go for each conflict. The first period of peace driving includes the estimable position of the Christian. This doing originated from the religious groups, mainly the Quakers in England and the Presbyterians in America. In the early nineteenth century, the Society for the Promotion of Permanent and Universal Peace was open in London, followed by several other peace foundations across Europe and America. In the year 1843, the first World Peace Conference took place in London. After the conference, the traditional Christian position was enriched with human values which were more fundamental in nature (Cooper 1991 , p.14-15 Dungen and Wittner 2003, pp. 363-364 The international Peace Movement, n.d. Sneh 2008, pp.2-5).The international peace movement got upsurge in the late nineteenth century after the First Geneva Convention in 1864 where international laws are passed to protect the war victims. The movement was initiated by the Nobel Peace Laureate Henri Dunant, the initiator of International Committee of the Red Cross. The main objectives of the convention were The convention is closely related to the foundation of International Committee of Red Cross. The convention thus intended to impose international law for the protection of war victims, the medical personnels and the medical facilities at war against any hostile act. The convention generalizes the Red Cross sign on white zone as a sign of medical care and nursing at the war front. This convention is the initialisation of the international peace movement. All of the conventions are related to the welfare of the war victims. The Red Cr oss did not advocated for the stoppage of war, yet pleaded for the

Explain and evaluate claims made by linguistic relativists regarding the relationship between language, thought and culture Essay Example for Free

Explain and evaluate claims made by linguistic relativists regarding the blood between lyric, thought and horticulture EssayThe relationship between language, culture and thought has been a controversial discussion over decades. Many linguists and thinkers throw off argued that language lead to large differences in culture and thoughts. Some argue that language controls peoples view and thought of the military personnel, w here language embodies macrocosmview, and some argue the otherwise. Language, culture and thought may ever refer as together, solely any one of them implies the other twain. In this essay, I am going to focus on linguistic relativism and I go forth evaluate claims made by linguistic relativists. Linguistic relativism is a weaker interpretation of linguistic determinism. It is a window through which to view the cognitive process, non as an absolute. Its set forth to be used in looking at a phenomenon polarly than one usually would. (Badhesha, 2001) Linguistic categorize and habit submit thought and certain kinds of non-linguistic expression. Linguistic relativity hypothesis has al sorts been a controversial and serious topic. In late-eighteenth and early nineteenth century, Boas claimed that theres no intrinsic relationship between culture and language.(Boas, 1911) Acquainted with Boas, Edward Sapir was impressed with Boas statement. Later, he proposed a theory which becomes the most famous attempt in demonstrating relationship between language, culture and thoughts, Sapir-Whorf guesswork (Whorfian Hypothesis). The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis can be broken into 2 simple concepts Linguistic Determinism and Linguistic Relativism. Linguistic determinism holds a stronger view. It refers to the concept that what is state has only some effect on how concepts are recognized by the mind, A strict view that what is said is directly responsible for what is seen by the mind. (Badhesha, 2002) This stronger point is supported by Sapir. Sap ir language and culture are not intrinsically associated but language and our thought-grooves are inextricably interwoven, and are, in a sense, one and the same (1921 228, 232) Sapir retrieves that language and culture are not explicitly related but language, culture and thoughts are interwoven that cannot be unwoven each other. Sapir overly expressed his view that language affects how we perceive the world, Even comparatively simple acts of perception are very much more at the mercy of the amicable patterns called words than we might suppose. We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (1929, p. 210) Sapir here explained that language determines our thoughts and culture, it affects our views of the world and culture is a product of language. Sapirs student, Benjamin Lee Whorf supported and made his theory stronger. Whorfs claims are both to the extreme, strongest but to the weaker and more cautious at the same time. The extreme perspective is linguistic determinism, where the weaker is linguistic relativism.In fact, linguistic relativism is widely spread through Whorfs work. Whorf The punctuate linguistic system of each language is not merely a reproducing instrument for voicing ideas but rather is itself the shaper of ideas. (1940, Science and Linguistics, Technology check out 42 229-31, 247-8) In this quote, Whorf proposed the stronger form where language determines thought, language shapes our ideas. The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which capture to be organized largely by the linguistic systems in our minds. (Whorf, 1940a231) This is a weaker form where Whorf argue that the world is somehow under the influence of our linguistic systems. Both in stronger and weaker form, Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis argue that our thoughts, ideas, behavior and culture are under the influence of language. This hypothesis is supported with evidence. Perception of colors is one of the obvious evidence that support language influences our thoughts. Different languages has their way to encode and categorize colors, in English, there are sixteen basic colors and common two color terms dark and light.However, Russian has different words to distinguish light blue (boluboy) and dark blue (siniy). When Russian and English speakers are put to a test to discriminate the two blue colors, Russian is raise to be better at it. As Russian perceive the two blue colors as different colors unlike English speakers who categorize it as blue generally. In both English and Chinese, when giving directions verbally, we tend to use left and right instead of E/W/S/N, this is also true in many other languages.However, Kuuk Thaayorra (aboriginal language spoken in Queensland, Australia), they use E/W/S/N to represent left and right, e. g. when they refer to right hand, they may say east hand. Their perception of the world differs from us d ue to the use of direction terms. To them, the world needs to include precise orientations. This is an example of perception of space which display language affects our perceptions and thoughts. Grammatical feature is other proof of language affects our culture.Whorf asserts that users of markedly different grammars are pointed by their grammar towards different types of observations and hence are not equivalent as observers but must arrive at somewhat different views of the world (Whorf 1940b61) Whorf suggested that speakers of different languages will think about the world differently. Hopi language (aboriginal language spoken in Arizona) is early evidence to Whorfian Hypothesis on language and thought. In Hopi language system, they dont provoke tenses such as ed, -ing, -s in SAE 1, they have different perspective of time from SAE speakers.Also, in Hopi, the concept of time cannot be counted and talked like a physical quantity. Language also affects and reflects our culture and values. In Hong Kong, we refer to relatives in different terms, not only aunt/uncle, cousins unlike English. For example, we have different terms for cousins that are older and younger than us, e. g. biu-gor (older male cousin), biu-mui (younger female cousin). It reflects the hierarchy and projects the importance of respecting senior in Chinese family. We can see that Chinese family, including families in Hong Kong divides and identifies its members.For Chinese people, they perceive seniors as people to respect. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis is the idea that the language that person speaks will affect their perception of the world and accordingly their behavior and culture. In stronger form, language determines the way we think and what we are capable to think of where as linguistic relativity the weaker form indicates that our thoughts and culture are under the influence of language. Although there are more and more scientific and real life examples that support Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, a nthropologists and linguists still argues weather the hypothesis is too strong or not today.Many argue that instead of language determining our thoughts and culture, they are in fact inter-related and none of them should be dominating the other two. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis has received condemnation over the years, and it summed up to be three main criticisms, the idea of causality, the methods and translations. While Whorf and Sapir claimed that language affects our perception of the world and the formation of our cultures. Both of them didnt include the ontogenesis of language, what made up our language, the ethnical values that may have been included plot of ground setting language system.It is possible that cultural values that might have developed language helped the way we perceive the world. Humboldt (late 18th century) also questioned Sapir-Whorfs hypothesis, The olfactory propertyual traits and the structure of the language of a people are so nigh blended that, given either of the two, one should be able to derive the other from it language is their spirit, and their spirit is their language it is difficult to imagine any two things more identical. He also questioned the causality of such hypothesis. Whether if language is the spirit of thoughts and culture or the otherwise.He claims that it is uncertain which one should be derives and to be the spirit of the others. Another obvious criticism is the methods Whorfs methods. Some believed that Whorf deliberately translated Hopi language in a certain way to support his own hypothesis, to emphasis another thinking system. Linguists, St so far Pinker accused Whorfs method with strong attitude, No one is really sure how Whorf came up with his outlandish claims, but his limited, badly analyzed examine of Hopi speech and his long-term leanings towards mysticism must have helped. (Pinker, 1994) He also overthrown Whorfs claim of Hopi people has different perception of time as anthropologist Malotki (1 983) has found that the Hopi do have a concept of time very similar to ours. (Neil Parr-Davies, 2001) Translation is another criticism of Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. Many critics raised the question, if our thoughts are really stirred and determined by language, then presumably certain concepts would only be catchable to people that shared the same language.That suggested that if the hypothesis is entirely true, Whorf would have been failed to understand Hopi peoples concept, needless to say even to understand their first thought. Although criticisms are raised against Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, there are more evidence and claims that support it even in modern days. In fact, psycholinguistic have been studying far beyond perception of color and Hopi language currently, it has been studying and discovering more evidence in modern days such as emotion perception, memory etc. Modern famous researchers like Lera Boroditsky, John A.Lucy believe in Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, that language indee d influences thoughts, however in relatively narrow ways. I agree the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis to a large extent. I believe language does influence our thoughts and perceptions of the world. Recently, I have been studying different accents in the world and discovered that it is evidence supporting the linguistic relativists. For example, if someone speaks English in BBC accents or Queens English, we would promptly refer them coming from higher social status in Britain.Indeed, our perception can be easily affected by the trivial elements in language as accents. Even nowadays, there are more and more evidence that prove linguistic relativists we cannot deny the fact that language does somehow shape our day-after-day thoughts and life. Language changes the way we see different culture, it can reflect a certain culture and background of people. Taking Soviet Ukraine as an example, as the prices and write out of product was centrally controlled, they were very cheap and hard to find, an d instead of saying What are they selling? they ask, Shcho dajut?(What are they giving? ). Through the language, we can see the cultural values and background of a country, allowing us to understand and perceive different cultures. Nonetheless, I disagree to a small extent as I believe, on one hand, language may shape our thoughts and culture on the other hand, our culture and thoughts also shape language. Language may act as a tool merely reflecting our thoughts and culture. Under patriarchy and stereotyping, many European countries referred male as a stronger, rational and more dynamic member of the society while female were emotional, silent and subtle one.Leading European languages like French, Spanish are some examples that reflect social stereotyping under patriarchal influence. In French, almost all sport and daylight activities are referred as male, le soleil (the sun) while almost all night time activities are referred as female, la lune (the moon). Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis is a powerful and leading linguistic theory that suggests the relationship between language, culture and thoughts.It can be interpreted as linguistic determinism and relativism it remains problematic and controversial whether this hypothesis is too strong. Much evidence arises even until today supporting the hypothesis. It is inevitable that every hypothesis receives criticism, but I truly believe the reason why Whorfianism is still being studied today is because we can never deny the influence of language on our thoughts and culture. Language may not be the one the strongly defines our perception and values, but it does affects us in our everyday life.

Thinking About Rewards Essay Example for Free

Thinking About Rewards EssayFrom the article entitled Dump the Cash, rouse On The Praise, why is salary alone not a motivator? According to the article, while money has its merits and value, it is often not enough. Studies show that employees have constantly valued new(prenominal) occasions more than money. These other things includeverbal and non-verbal affirmations and praise of performancethe respect of colleagues and peersfeeling that one is making a contributionhaving interest study, and bring nighting involved in and being informed astir(predicate) whats happening within the corporation. The article explains that recognition is vital in boosting an employees esteem, which would in turn correct his/her performance. Recognition makes the employee do something special because he/she knows that someone will notice and someone will care. In contrast, relying on money alone will get the work done. But it is not necessary the employees scoop work. It was alike found that in this situation, employees often do their least, and do not go above and beyond expectations. In addition to money, the article suggests a compendium of motivators praise, recognition, promotion and commenceth opportunities, and challenging work. After reading Nelsons top ten ways to motivate todays employees list, let out five suggestions from that list that would be effective strategies to use to motivate you as an employee. Explain. Be willing to take the time to meet with and listen to employeesas much as they affect or want. This is most important to me at my current job, because above all, I need to postulate about the job. Having regular discussions with my boss would not simply(prenominal) help me in the learning process, it also gives me a chance to clarify some things, as well as, provide an indicator of my progress. Provide specific feedback about performance of the person, the department and the organization. Basically, for reasons the same as above. Only this would also provide me with a glimpse of what values, attitudes and performance indicators are getting more weight. It also helps me learn more about the company, the people and the dynamics. Strive to create a work environment that is open, trusting and fun. Encourage new ideas and initiative. I same to work in an environment where I dont feel the need to conform to everyone elses expectations. And since I am new, I expect to contribute some ashess that I have learned in the past. I want to be able to try out these systems without any fear of making mistakes, the same mistakes that we all can learn from. I would like to be able to express ideas and not be shot down without getting heard. Involve employees in decisions, especially when those decisions affect them. I think its only fair to involve me in decisions about things that would affect me, both on a personal and professional level. That way, I can share my situation and opinions. It would also make me feel like my input s are important, while giving me an opportunity to better understand the issue from the managements perspective. Give people a chance to grow and learn new skills. Show them how you can help them meet their goals within the context of meeting the organizations goals. Create a partnership with each employee. Probably, the first thing that would make me leave is a sense of stagnation the feeling that I am no longer learning or the things Im doing is getting routine. From the Getting riant with the Rewards King article, do you agree with Bob Nelsons position that while money is important to employees, thoughtful recognition motivates them to perform at higher levels? secern Nelsons perspective with that of Alfie Kohn in the For Best Results, Forget the Bonus article where he argues that yields dont work. I agree with Nelson when he says that money is not everything, and that recognition motivates people to work at higher levels. I have seen this happen many times at work, with mysel f, or with my colleagues. Ive seen it happen in school. It is also intuitive, and common sense. You cant get anything from beating a dead donkey. In the same manner that you cant get the best work out of a demoralized employee. Recognition builds the employees self-esteem, and shows him/her what is important in the organization. It helps him/her create positive relationships with colleagues and superiors. Nelsons empirical ideas is backed by years of experience in human resources. Kohn, on the other hand, drives home the point that the effect of rewards is, at most, temporary. Kohn argues that rewards are more like punishment. However, unlike Nelson, Kohns arguments are not rooted in research, or empirical observations. In fact, Kohns ideas run contrary to what Ive seen and learned thus far. Sure, Kohn cites studies but fails to name them. I feel that the conclusions derived from these studies (if they do, in fact, exist) are either limited, or erroneous. Organizational behavior is a complex phenomenon that its difficult to weed out extraneous variables, even in most experimental settings. Kohn relates the findings found at an unnamed Midwestern company, where an incentive system was taken out.At first, Kohn says, the production went down as expected, but in the long term, production rose to a level at par or higher than before. Since the study was not actually named, we could only judge it from what Kohn wrote. Firstly, it seems simplistic that an experience or result at one company should apply to the oecumenic population. Secondly, Kohn failed to eliminate other causes, like the workers learning more about their processes or additional machinery acquired, and other things. For me, Kohns cited studies seem largely unscientific and and their applications are profoundly limited. However, Kohn succeeds in explaining why recognition should work. Ironically, by comparing recognition and punishment, Kohn showed us that recognition as a catalyst for behavioral cha nge has the same impact as punishment. We all report to work on time to avoid pay deduction, or a warning. We dont smoke in areas were not supposed to, because of the company polity, or the indignant stares we get. Like it or not, punishment works. By equating recognition with punishment, Kohn undermines his statement that recognition do not and will not work. And since Kohn cites studies from social psychology, it would be interesting to know what Kohn thinks of conditioning theorists like Skinner who expoused the importance of positive reinforcement on behavior changes and learning. In the end, all Kohn is arguing is the value of the reward involved, not the recognition system per se. For Kohn, a reward of higher value would make recognitions impact more felt. Intuit is cited as among the Fortunes Best Companies (33 on the 2007 list, up from 78 in 2004) to work for because they have a corporate culture that is always focused on employee recognition. Go to the Intuit website and r eview their rewards curriculum for employees http//web.intuit.com/about_intuit/careers/rewards/ . In light of our readings on rewards, what is your assessment of the Intuit rewards culture? If I were to serve as a judge for Fortunes Best Companies to work for, Intuit would decamp from 33 to at least the top 20. For one, Intuit has an enviable benefits package, including medical, vision and dental plans, a flexible spending account benefit, stock plans, assistance and referral programs. enchantment the Web site is largely silent on non-cash recognition, it can be inferred that the company cares for its employees. Its disability insurance that pays up to 70% of the employees basic salary promotes a sense of security for its labor force, in the event that something bad happens to them. The companys openness and assistance in their employees savings, as well as its assistance programs, also speaks about the companys concern. The company is also committed to help employees learn forma lly with a tuition assistance programs. Furthermore, the company even pays for their employees gym memberships and fitness classes. More than that, the company says on its Web site that employees are recognized through cash and non-cash incentives. Intuit is right up there on the list of best companies to work for because of all these. They are right on target and on track with recognizing their employees, making them a company to be emulated by others.How does your organization stack up with respect to creative and fun work environments with respect to reward systems? I have just been recently hired as a contact lesson by the Social Security Administration. Even though I am still in training, I find that my job is fulfilling based on what my colleagues severalize me and what I see from them. First off, I have a supervisor who provides me regular feedback on my performance and how I am progressing, and even the things that I need to address or learn more. I work at an office that specifically values respect among its workers and to its callers. There is actually a written policy that says each employee must treat other employeesand customerswith respect, regardless of their race, gender, age, religion, etc. My colleagues are actually very friendly and helpful. I also find that the very disposition of my worktalking to a variety of people about their social security, their checks, and their benefitsis stimulating for me. There is always a new case with new circumstances every case-by-case day. I am grateful that my colleagues also find time to share their stories and their work. At various points of the day, we share tips on how to handle irate callers, or how to best process a complaint, or what to do in a particular instance. Even if the SSA is a very structured organization, I find that we have leeways in handling calls. We actually can use our own methods in answering calls and getting the information to the callers. Its not that stiff. The quality of y our work is based on how distinctly youve communicated the information to the caller, and how you handled the caller. Whats more, I work with people that puts a high value on camaraderie. Just yesterday, a colleague celebrated her birthday, and everybody chipped in to buy her a big chocolate cake, while our department boss gave her a bouquet of flowers. I think Im going to like it there. In your experience, is employee recognition a infrequent commodity in organizations? Why is that so? No. I think I have been very lucky to be involved in organizations in the past that respected and valued diversity and initiative. In a way, I have been praised for my work. I have also been objectively reprimanded for lapses. I am soon in an organization that strives to build relationships among its people. The same organization that is very clear with what it aims to achieve, and rewards the people who makes it happen. Its not really just about commissions, or big deep incentives. Recognition c omes in various forms. My personal criteria is that if it makes you feel warm all over, if it boosts your self-esteem, if it makes you want to repeat your behavior, then thats recognition. What is the most important lesson you took away from these readings and discussion? My most important lesson is that while recognition has profound positive effects on the employeesand ultimately, the organizationit doesnt have to be expensive. Recognition could be as simple as a pat on the back, a good word, or singling out the employee/s who did good and thanking them. Recognition does not have to be elaborate, it just have to be apparent.

Aggregate Demand and Supply Models Essay Example for Free

Aggregate Demand and Supply Models EssayAs it stands currently the existing effect of the economic work outs on aggregate demand and supply argon unemployment, consumer income, and interest rates. In this paper we identify the existing effect of the economic factors on aggregate demand and supply. The American people have little to no income when unemployed, this in turn causes a decrease in demand for the economy. This type of event causes the aggregate demand to curve to the left. One of the main reasons unemployment remains elevated to this day is the deprivation of demand. A shortfall in aggregate demand is precisely the type of issue that can be addressed by fiscal policy, however, to do so we need continuous monetary stimulus to progress toward maximum employment stability. The crash of the housing market has set tremendous boundary on consumer and their spending. Sternness on behalf of the government to a certain extent has decreased aggregate demand during this reco very period. These actions have directly impacted growth. What this mode to us is that lower government spending and higher taxes call for disposable income for consumers, work for government contractors diminishing, and a decrease in government payroll. Another factor that has had great effect and impact are the levels of uncertainty. The events leading to this state have yet to be resolved which in turn have caused a privation of willingness and confidence within consumers. In the beginning the levels of uncertainty reflected the force of influence the recession had on us as consumers. This is something that had not been experienced in some(prenominal) years which made it difficult for us to handle or even find a way to get by in a more than successful demeanor. After extensive research and analysis it is safe to say the supply-side considerations explain some of the rise in unemployment, which once again confirm the lack of demand as well as the fact that the economy is suffe ring first and foremost of a weak demand rather than a shortage of supply.ReferencesWilliams, J. C. (2013, February 25). The Economy and Fed Policy Follow the Demand. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. Retrieved from http//www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/economic-letter/2013/february/economy-fed-policy-follow-demand/Thoma, M. (2012, March 28). Demand, not supply, is restraining the economy. CBS News. Retrieved from http//www.cbsnews.com/8301-505123_162-57405230/demand-not-supply-is-restraining-the-economy/